1.1 The objective of these specifications is to define the design basis and
general technical requirements applicable to the mechanical design for Sembcorp
Energy from Waste (EfW) @ Sakra.
1.2 General project information are as
follows
1) Project Name : Sembcorp Energy from Waste (EfW) @ Sakra
2)
Client : Sembcorp
Industries Limited
3)
Plant Capacity : 575ton/day × 2unit
-
Boiler Capacity : 80MWth (100% MCR @12MJ/kg, 575ton/day)
4)
Type of waste : Industrial and commercial waste
5)
Site Location : Jurong Island, Singapore
6) Project
area : 1.36ha (103m X 132m)
2.1
Temperature
data
|
Highest
recorded
|
35.8 deg C
|
|
Lowest
recorded
|
19.4 deg C
|
|
Mean
daily max.
|
30.7 deg C
|
|
Mean
daily min.
|
23.7 deg C
|
|
Mean
annual
|
26.6 deg C
|
2.2
Barometric
pressure
|
Average
daily minimum barometric pressure
|
1,002.2 mbar a
|
|
Average
daily maximum barometric pressure
|
1,016.9 mbar a
|
|
Average
means
|
1,009.4 mbar a
|
|
Design
barometric pressure
|
1,010.0 mbar a
|
2.3
Relative
humidity
|
Average
daily minimum humidity
|
64.2 %
|
|
Average
daily maximum humidity
|
94.4 %
|
|
Annual
average humidity
|
84.6 %
|
2.4
Wind
load
The extreme 3 second gust (wind) recorded for
a return period of 100 years is 37.8m/s. Based upon this information; wind
velocity for design was suggested to be at least 40m/s.
2.5
Rainfall
|
Classification
|
Maximum
|
Minimum
|
Average
|
|
mm/annum
|
3,542
|
1,,563
|
2388
|
|
Days/month
|
26
|
3
|
15
|
The design basis for the rain
fall is as follows.
|
Period
in minutes
|
Rainfall
in(mm)
|
|
15
|
48
|
2.6
Design
condition (for performance guarantee)
|
Dry
bulb ambient temperature
|
32 deg C
|
|
Relative
humidity
|
85 %
|
|
Altitude
|
5 m
|
|
Sea
water temperature
|
30 deg C
|
|
Ambient
pressure
|
1,010 mbar a
|
2.7
Extreme
design condition (for equipment design)
|
Parameter
|
L. Value
|
H. Value
|
Units
|
|
Dry bulb ambient
temperature
|
19
|
40
|
deg C
|
|
Relative humidity
|
50
|
100
|
%
|
|
Wind speed
|
0
|
40
|
m/s
|
|
Sea water temperature
|
27
|
33
|
deg C
|
|
Rain fall rate
|
0
|
120
|
mm/hr
|
2.8
Earth
quake
Seismic
Zone : ZONE 1 (z=0.075)
3.1
Power
supply
Ÿ Incoming power : 22kV
Ÿ High voltage :
6.6kV, 3phase, 50Hz (Above
185kW)
Ÿ Low voltage : 400V,
3phase, 50Hz (Up to 185kW)
Ÿ DC power supply : 110Volt DC
Ÿ Power supply for control : AC
230V
3.2
Cooling
water
Ÿ Supply / return temperature : 33
/ 40 deg C
Ÿ Supply pressure : Max. 4.5kg/cm2.G
3.3
Compressed
air
Ÿ Supply pressure : Max. 7kg/cm2.G
Ÿ Oil content : None
Ÿ Minimum dew point : - 20deg C (atmospheric condition)
3.4
Auxiliary
Fuel Oil
Ÿ Type :
Diesel
Ÿ Caloric Value : 9,134
~ 9,454 kcal/L
3.5
Demi-water
(at tie-in point)
|
Parameters
|
Units
|
Value
|
|
Temperature
|
deg C
|
30
|
|
Pressure
|
barg
|
5
|
|
pH
|
-
|
5.5 ~ 7
|
|
Conductivity (25 deg C)
|
μS/cm
|
< or = 0.1
|
|
Resistivity (25 deg C)
|
MOhms.cm
|
> or = 10
|
|
Cl-
|
ppb
|
5
|
|
SiO2
(reactive)
|
ppb
|
5
|
|
Fe
|
ppb
|
10
|
|
Cu2+
|
ppb
|
3
|
|
Na+
|
ppb
|
5
|
|
TOC
|
ppm
|
3.5
|
3.6
Boiler
feed water (acc. to VGB R 450 L)
|
Parameters
|
Units
|
Value
|
|
Supply
pressure at ECO inlet
|
bar.g
|
68.1
|
|
Supply
temperature
|
deg. C
|
150
|
|
pH
value at 25 deg. C
|
-
|
9.2
~ 9.5
|
|
Acid
Conductivity at 25 deg. C
|
μS/cm
|
<
0.1
|
|
Dissolved Oxygen as O2
|
ppb
|
5 ~ 20
|
|
Silica
as SiO2
|
ppb
|
<
5
|
|
Total
Iron as Fe
|
ppb
|
<
140
|
3.7
Boiler
water (acc. to VGB R 450 L)
|
Parameters
|
Units
|
Value
|
|
pH
value at 25 deg. C
|
-
|
9.5
~ 10.0
|
|
Direct
Conductivity at 25 deg. C
|
μS/cm
|
8~25
|
|
Acid
Conductivity at 25 deg. C
|
μS/cm
|
<
50
|
|
Silica
as SiO2
|
ppb
|
<
5
|
3.8
Steam
Quality at S/H outlet
|
Parameters
|
Unit
|
Value
|
|
pH
|
-
|
6.0~9.2
|
|
Conductivity(25deg. C)
|
μS/cm
|
0.2~0.3
|
|
Fe2+
|
ppm, wt
|
< 0.02
|
|
Cu2+
|
ppm, wt
|
< 0.003
|
|
SiO2
|
ppm, wt
|
< 0.02
|
|
NH3
|
ppm, wt
|
0.1
|
|
Cl
|
ppm, wt
|
< 0.05
|
|
O2
|
ppm, wt
|
< 0.01
|
|
Na+
|
ppm, wt
|
< 0.01
|
|
TOC
|
ppm, wt
|
< 5
|
|
Total Solids
|
ppm, wt
|
< 1
|
3.9
NEWater
|
Parameters
|
Units
|
Value
|
|
A. Physical
|
|
|
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
< 5
|
|
Color
|
Hazen units
|
< 5
|
|
Conductivity
|
μS/cm
|
< 250
|
|
pH value
|
-
|
7.0 – 8.5
|
|
Total Dissolved Solids
|
mg/L
|
< 150
|
|
Total Organic Carbon
|
mg/L
|
< 0.5
|
|
Total Hardness (CaCO3)
|
mg/L
|
< 50
|
|
B. chemical
|
|
|
|
Ammoniacal nitrogen (as
N)
|
mg/L
|
< 1.0
|
|
Chloride, Cl
|
mg/L
|
< 20
|
|
Fluoride, F
|
mg/L
|
< 0.5
|
|
Nitrate, NO3
|
mg/L
|
< 15
|
|
Silica, SiO2
|
mg/L
|
< 3
|
|
Sulphate, SO4
|
mg/L
|
< 5
|
|
Residual Chlorine, Cl,
Total
|
mg/L
|
< 2
|
|
Total Trihalomethanes
|
mg/L
|
< 0.08
|
|
C. Metals
|
|
|
|
Aluminium
|
mg/L
|
< 0.1
|
|
Barium, Ba
|
mg/L
|
< 0.1
|
|
Boron, B
|
mg/L
|
< 0.5
|
|
Calcium,b Ca
|
mg/L
|
4 – 20
|
|
Copper, Cu
|
mg/L
|
< 0.05
|
|
Iron, Fe
|
mg/L
|
< 0.04
|
|
Manganese, Mn
|
mg/L
|
< 0.05
|
|
Sodium, Na
|
mg/L
|
< 20
|
|
Strontium, Sr
|
mg/L
|
< 0.1
|
|
Zinc, Zn
|
mg/L
|
< 0.1
|
|
D. Bacteriological
|
|
|
|
Total Coliform Bacteria
|
Counts/100
|
Not detectable
|
|
Enterovirus
|
|
Not detectable
|
|
Heterotrophic Plate
Count
|
CFU/mL
|
< 300
|
Note) NeWater supply pressure from pub guaranteed at
battery limit : min.1.2barg, ambient temperature
3.10
Tie
in point
The
tie in points of utilities are located as bellow picture.
Ÿ Battery limit conditions
-
DM
water at 5bar.g, 30deg. C will be tied in to 8” pipe
-
NEwater
at min 1.2bar.g and ambient temperature
-
Fire
water at 10~12bar.g will be tied in to 18” pipe
-
Condensate
return at 5~6bar.g will be tied in to 8” pipe
-
HP
Steam will be tied in to 16” steam header
- Waste water discharge at 7bar.g,
ambient temp. will be tied in to 4” pipe
4.1
Input
Industrial & Commercial Waste
Performance
guarantees are stated according to the following ICW’s properties.
|
Parameter
|
Unit
|
Low
|
Design
|
High
|
|
LHV (as received)
|
MJ/kg
|
9.60
|
12.00
|
14.40
|
|
Proximate Analysis
|
||||
|
Water (Moisture)
|
wt, %
|
41.81
|
36.74
|
24.63
|
|
Combustible
|
wt, %
|
38.59
|
45.84
|
55.62
|
|
Ash
|
wt, %
|
19.60
|
17.42
|
19.75
|
|
Total
|
wt, %
|
100.00
|
100.00
|
100.00
|
|
Ultimate Analysis (Dry
Basis)
|
||||
|
Carbon, C
|
wt, %
|
40.22
|
45.49
|
44.96
|
|
Hydrogen, H
|
wt, %
|
5.82
|
6.34
|
6.27
|
|
Oxygen, O
|
wt, %
|
18.58
|
19.13
|
21.24
|
|
Nitrogen, N
|
wt, %
|
1.15
|
1.07
|
0.96
|
|
Sulphur, S
|
wt, %
|
0.12
|
0.14
|
0.12
|
|
Chloride, Cl
|
wt, %
|
0.43
|
0.30
|
0.24
|
|
Ash
|
wt, %
|
33.68
|
27.53
|
26.21
|
|
Total
|
wt, %
|
100.00
|
100.00
|
100.00
|
4.2
Input
Waste Physical Composition
|
Constituent
|
Low(%)
|
Design(%)
|
High(%)
|
|
|
Paper
|
Cardboard
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Newspaper
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Mixed paper
|
21.5
|
15.6
|
27.6
|
|
|
Subtotal paper
|
21.5
|
15.6
|
27.6
|
|
|
Glass & Inerts
|
Subtotal Glass & Inerts
|
6.2
|
4.1
|
3.5
|
|
Metal
|
Ferrous
|
2.2
|
1.7
|
1.0
|
|
Aluminum
|
1.6
|
0.8
|
0.7
|
|
|
Other metals
(batteries, wires, etc)
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
0.6
|
|
|
Subtotal metal
|
4.1
|
2.8
|
2.3
|
|
|
Plastic
|
PET
|
1.6
|
1.7
|
1.2
|
|
HDPE
|
0.9
|
1.6
|
0.8
|
|
|
LDPE
|
16.0
|
12.9
|
10.0
|
|
|
Mixed plastic
|
4.2
|
7.1
|
9.7
|
|
|
Subtotal plastic
|
22.6
|
23.2
|
21.7
|
|
|
Organic materials
|
Food waste
|
11.2
|
5.1
|
2.3
|
|
Wood/garden waste
|
5.0
|
4.1
|
4.0
|
|
|
Other organics
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Subtotal organic materials
|
16.2
|
9.3
|
6.4
|
|
|
Other types of
waste
|
Rubber
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Textile and leather
|
2.1
|
5.4
|
14.0
|
|
|
Styrofoam boxes,
foam padding
|
1.8
|
2.1
|
3.9
|
|
|
Subtotal others
|
4.0
|
7.6
|
18.0
|
|
|
Unidentifiable waste
|
Subtotal unidentifiable
|
25.3
|
27.5
|
20.5
|
|
Total all constituents
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
4.3
Special
Waste Characteristics
At times in the future, Customer
intends to combust small amounts of special wastes in the ICW Boiler Facility
with the understanding that these special wastes, due to their high heat
content, must be combusted in small amounts and only after thorough mixing with
the normal industrial and commercial waste received.
Special waste will not be used for
performance test, but boiler will be designed to treat special waste up to 10%
of ICW input.
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
NO. 1
|
NO. 2
|
NO. 3
|
NO. 4
|
|
Name
|
|
Carbon Soot
|
Waste Cake
|
Biosludge
|
Biosludge
|
|
Type
|
|
Semi solid
|
Solid
|
Semi solid
|
Sludge
|
|
Calorific Value
|
|||||
|
Available Quantity
|
TPD
|
40
|
20
|
1
|
20
|
|
HHV
|
MJ/kg
|
31.47
|
20.22
|
19.64
|
13.79
|
|
LHV
|
MJ/kg
|
31.4
|
18.9
|
18.34
|
12.8
|
|
Solids
|
%
|
35.6
|
97.5
|
88.1
|
11.2
|
|
Combustible
|
%
|
34.6
|
45.4
|
76.5
|
8.3
|
|
Moisture
|
%
|
64.4
|
2.4
|
11.9
|
88.8
|
|
Ash
|
%
|
1.0
|
52.2
|
11.6
|
2.9
|
|
Ultimate Analysis (Dry
Basis)
|
|||||
|
C
|
%
|
92.73
|
38.02
|
46.12
|
32.73
|
|
H
|
%
|
0.21
|
5.53
|
6.15
|
5.61
|
|
N
|
%
|
1.47
|
0.39
|
9.03
|
6.59
|
|
O
|
%
|
1.22
|
Neg.
|
24.59
|
26.62
|
|
S
|
%
|
1.65
|
2.55
|
0.63
|
1.45
|
|
Cl
|
%
|
0.08
|
0.01
|
0.37
|
1.28
|
|
Ash
|
%
|
2.64
|
53.50
|
13.11
|
25.72
|
|
Select Elemental
Concentrations
|
|||||
|
Na
|
ppm
|
< 0.16
|
8551
|
6456
|
18741
|
|
V
|
ppm
|
-
|
68
|
56
|
79
|
|
Fe
|
ppm
|
2571
|
6611
|
13497
|
18600
|
|
Ni
|
ppm
|
4124
|
17
|
209
|
277
|
|
K
|
ppm
|
52
|
1276
|
1527
|
1308
|
|
Al
|
ppm
|
103
|
1186
|
1074
|
43326
|
|
Cr
|
ppm
|
31
|
41
|
36
|
125
|
|
Cd
|
ppm
|
< 5.5
|
5
|
< 5.5
|
5
|
|
Hg
|
ppm
|
< 0.5
|
2
|
< 0.5
|
2
|
|
Parameters
|
Units
|
Limits
|
Remark
|
|
Ammonia
|
mg/Nm3
|
30
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Antimony
|
mg/Nm3
|
5
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Arsenic
|
mg/Nm3
|
1
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Benzene
|
mg/Nm3
|
5
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Cadmium
|
mg/Nm3
|
0.05
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Carbon monoxide
|
mg/Nm3
|
100
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Chlorine
|
mg/Nm3
|
32
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Copper
|
mg/Nm3
|
5
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Dioxins and Furans
|
ng-TEQ/Nm3
|
0.1
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Ethylene oxide
|
mg/Nm3
|
1
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Hydrofluoric acid, HF
|
mg/Nm3
|
10
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Formaldehyde
|
mg/Nm3
|
20
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Hydrogen chloride
|
mg/Nm3
|
200
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Lead
|
mg/Nm3
|
1
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Mercury
|
mg/Nm3
|
3
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Oxides of nitrogen
|
mg/Nm3
|
350
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Particulate substances
|
mg/Nm3
|
10
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Styrene monomer
|
mg/Nm3
|
100
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Sulphur dioxide
|
mg/Nm3
|
300
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Sulphur trioxide
|
mg/Nm3
|
100
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Vinyl chloride monomer
|
mg/Nm3
|
20
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
PAHs
|
mg/Nm3
|
N.A
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Total VOCs
|
mg/Nm3
|
N.A
|
11% O2 of dry
|
|
Type
of affected
premises
|
Maximum
permitted noise level
(reckoned
as the equivalent continuous noise level
over
the specified period) in decibels (dBA)
|
||
|
Day
7
am - 7 pm
|
Evening
7
pm - 11 pm
|
Night
11
pm -7 am
|
|
|
Noise Sensitive
Premises
|
60
|
55
|
50
|
|
Residential
Premises
|
65
|
60
|
55
|
|
Commercial
Premises
|
70
|
65
|
60
|
|
Type
of affected
premises
|
Maximum
permitted noise level
(reckoned
as the equivalent continuous noise level
over
5 minutes) in decibels (dBA)
|
||
|
Day
7
am - 7 pm
|
Evening
7
pm - 11 pm
|
Night
11
pm -7 am
|
|
|
Noise Sensitive
Premises
|
65
|
60
|
55
|
|
Residential
Premises
|
70
|
65
|
60
|
|
Commercial
Premises
|
75
|
70
|
65
|
|
Factory
Premises
|
75
|
70
|
65
|
Note) Singapore Code of Practice on
Pollution Control (2000Edition) (with amendments in Feb 2001, Jun 2002, Feb
2004 and Feb 2009)) – Appendix 20
Pretreatment
Standards for Discharging to the Customer`s Industrial Wastewater Treatment
(IWWT) Plant.
|
No.
|
Parameter
|
Unit
|
Measurement
|
Pretreatment Standard
|
|
1
|
Temperature
|
oC
|
Range
|
20-30
|
|
2
|
pH
|
-
|
Range
|
3.5 to 8.0
|
|
3
|
Total Alkalinity
|
as mg/L CaCO3
|
Average (1)
|
16,490
|
|
4
|
BOD5
|
mg/L
|
Instantaneous Maximum
|
36,483
|
|
5
|
COD
|
mg/L
|
Instantaneous Maximum
|
72,105
|
|
6
|
TOC
|
mg/L
|
Instantaneous Maximum
|
27,896
|
|
7
|
Suspended Solids
|
mg/L
|
Instantaneous Maximum
|
50
|
|
8
|
Oil and Grease
|
mg/L
|
Instantaneous Maximum
|
20
|
|
9
|
TKN
|
mg/L
|
Average(1)
|
1,149
|
|
10
|
NH3-N
|
mg/L
|
Average(1)
|
227
|
|
11
|
PO43- -P
|
mg/L
|
Average(1)
|
103
|
|
12
|
SO42-
|
mg/L
|
Instantaneous Maximum
|
1,782
|
|
13
|
Halogen
(Cl-, Br-, I-)
|
mg/L
|
Instantaneous Maximum
|
4,740
|
|
14
|
Total Dissolved Solids(TDS)
|
mg/L
|
Instantaneous Maximum
|
55,000
|
Note) (1)
Over 24-hour period
5.4
Sanity
discharge limits
Requirements for discharge of trade
effluent into the Public sewers
|
Maximum concentrations of substances in
trade effluent
|
|
|
List of Substances
|
Limit in mg/litter of trade effluent
(or otherwise stated)
|
|
Temperature
of discharge
|
45oC
|
|
pH
Value
|
6 - 9
|
|
Caustic
Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
|
2,000
|
|
5 Day
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) at 20oC
|
400
|
|
Chemical
Oxygen Demand
|
600
|
|
Total
Suspended Solids
|
400
|
|
Total
Dissolved Solids
|
3,000
|
|
Chloride
(as chloride ion)
|
1,000
|
|
Sulphate
(as SO4)
|
1,000
|
|
Sulphide
(as sulphur)
|
1
|
|
Cyanide
(as CN)
|
2
|
|
Detergents
(linear alkylate sulphonate as methylene blue active substances)
|
30
|
|
Grease
and Oil (Hydrocarbon)
|
60
|
|
Grease
and Oil (Non-hydrocarbon)
|
100
|
|
Arsenic
|
5
|
|
Barium
|
10
|
|
Tin
|
10
|
|
Iron
(as Fe)
|
50
|
|
Beryllium
|
5
|
|
Boron
|
5
|
|
Manganese
|
10
|
|
Phenolic
Compounds (expressed as phenol)
|
0.5
|
|
Fluoride
(expressed as fluoride ion)
|
15
|
|
Cadmium
|
1
|
|
Chromium
(trivalent and hexavalent)
|
5
|
|
Copper
|
5
|
|
Lead
|
5
|
|
Mercury
|
0.5
|
|
Nickel
|
10
|
|
Selenium
|
10
|
|
Silver
|
5
|
|
Zinc
|
10
|
5.5
Leaching
test limits for landfill disposal
|
Parameters
|
Units
|
Value
|
|
Arsenic
|
mg/L
|
5
|
|
Barium
|
mg/L
|
100
|
|
Cadmium
|
mg/L
|
1
|
|
Chromium
|
mg/L
|
5
|
|
Copper
|
mg/L
|
100
|
|
Cyanide (total)
|
mg/L
|
10
|
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
150
|
|
Iron
|
mg/L
|
100
|
|
Lead
|
mg/L
|
5
|
|
Manganese
|
mg/L
|
50
|
|
Mercury
|
mg/L
|
0.2
|
|
Nickel
|
mg/L
|
5
|
|
Phenol
|
mg/L
|
0.2
|
|
Selenium
|
mg/L
|
1
|
|
Silver
|
mg/L
|
5
|
|
Zinc
|
mg/L
|
100
|
The following
listing gives the principal International Codes and standards to be used for
this project. All equipment, components and structure shall be designed and
fabricated in conformance with applicable codes and standards listed below.
|
AISC
|
AMERICAN
INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
|
|
API
|
AMERICAN
PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
|
|
AHRI
|
AIR
CONDITION AND HEATING, AND REFRIGERATION INSTITUTE
|
|
ANSI
|
AMERICAN
NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE
|
|
ASME
|
AMERICAN
SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
|
|
ASCE
|
AMERICAN
SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
|
|
ASLA
|
AMERICAN
SOCITY OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
|
|
ACI
|
AMERICAN
CONCRETE INSTITUTE
|
|
CICIND
|
COMIT
INTERNATIONAL DES CHEMINES INDUSTRIELLES
|
|
ASTM
|
AMERICAN
SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
|
|
BS
|
BRITISH
STANDARD
|
|
BS
EN
|
BRITISH
STANDARD/EUROPEAN STANDARD
|
|
IEC
|
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
|
|
ISO
|
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS ORGANISATION
|
|
NEC
|
NATIONAL
ELECTRICAL CODE
|
|
ISA
|
INSTRUMENT
SOCIETY OF AMERICA
|
|
AWS
|
AMERICAN
WELDING SOCIETY
|
|
AWWA
|
AMERICAN
WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
|
|
CTI
|
COOLING
TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
|
|
CEMA
|
CONVEYOR
EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURWERS ASSOCIATION
|
|
CMAA
|
CRANE
MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OG AMERICA, Inc.
|
|
HEI
|
HEAT
EXCHANGE INSTITUTE
|
|
IEEE
|
INSTITUTE
OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS
|
|
NEMA
|
NATIONAL
ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURES ASSSOCIATION
|
|
NFPA
|
NATIONAL
FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION
|
|
OSHA
|
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
|
|
SJI
|
STEEL
JOING INSTITUTE (SJI codes are part of the AISC Codes)
|
|
SSPC
|
SOCIETY
OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS
|
|
TEMA
|
TUBULAR
EXCHANGERS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
|
|
UBC
|
UNIFORM
BUILDING CODE
|
|
UL
|
UNDERWRITERS
LABORATORY
|
|
BSI
|
BRITISH
STANDARDS INSTITUTE
|
|
US.
EPA
|
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
|
|
MSS
|
MANUFACTURER’s
STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTING INDUSTRY
|
|
EU
|
EUROPEAN
STANDARD CODE
|
|
SINGAPOREAN
BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION CODES
|
|
7.1 Relevant laws and regulations
1) Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
2) Singaporean Building and Construction Codes
3) International Building Code (IBC)
4) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA);
(All applicable standards, including, but not limited to: NFPA 70 National
Electrical Code; NFPA 850 Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric
Generating Plants and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations; NFPA 85
Boiler and Combustion Grate Systems Hazards Code.)
7.2 Grating Design specification
1)
Grating design load - Uniform live load shall be 5
KN/m²
2)
Grating material : SA-283, Melting galvanized
3) Maximum
Clear Span Deflection for Uniform Live Loads : 1/240 of span, but not more than
6 mm;
4) Maximum
Clear Span Deflection for Vehicle and Concentrated Loads : 1/180 of span;
5) Maximum
Fiber Stress : 124 N/mm²
6) Minimum
Size of Bearing Bars: Shall be within standard mill tolerance of that shown on
the Load Tables in NAAMM MBG 531 or equivalent for applicable loading and
deflection requirements. Depth shall not be less than 25 mm;
7) Minimum
Dimensions of Cross Bars: Shall be as shown in the tables of “Minimum Standard
Cross Bars and Connecting Bars” in NAAMM MBG 531 or equivalent;
8) Banding
Bar Thickness: Shall be same as bearing bar to which it is attached;
9) Bearing
Bars and Banding Bars: Steel conforming to BS ISO 3573:1986;
10) Cross
Bars and Banding Bars: Steel conforming to BS 970 080M40; and,
11) Frames:
Steel conforming to BS 4360: 1986.
7.3 Others
1) Hand rail :
A53
-
Size of top, middle rail and post : 32A
-
Size of kick plate : FB100 x 6t
-
Height : 1,100mm
-
Distance of each post : Max.1,200mm
2) Platform
& Walkway
-
Width : Min. 1,000 mm
-
Height of each walkway : 200
mm ± 10 mm / 1 Step
3) Ladder
: A53
-
Width : Min. 300 mm
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